Abbreviations -MSH -melanocyte-stimulating hormone ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate CAT catalase CREB cAMP response element-binding protein DHI 5,6-dihydroxyindole DHICA DHI-2- carboxylic acid ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase GCL glutamate cysteine ligase GCLC GCL catalytic subunit GCLM GCL modifier subunit GPx glutathione peroxidase GR glutathione reductase GSH glutathione GSS glutathione synthetase GSSG glutathione disulphide GST glutathione S-transferase H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide JNK c-JUN N-terminal kinase L-DOPA L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MC1R melanocortin 1 receptor MITF melanogenesis-associated transcription factor NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2related factor 2 O 2 superoxide OH hydroxyl radical PKA protein kinase A POMC pro-opiomelanocortin ROS reactive oxygen species SCF stem cell factor SOD superoxide dismutase TCF-LEF T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor TRP-1 tyrosinase-related protein 1 TRP-2 dopachrome tautomerase Trx thioredoxin TrxR Trx reductase TYR tyrosinase UVR ultraviolet radiation Wnt wingless-related integration site xCT cystine/glutamate antiporter Contributor Information Kathryn F
A More Comprehensive Approach to Cellular Energy By pairing NAD with the correct nutrients at precise strengths, our infusions are designed to help your body maintain higher, more sustainable levels of NADsupporting energy, recovery, neurological performance, and overall cellular wellness
The National Institute on Drug Abuse developed this panel in the 1980s
doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11168 Sakuma S, Ishimura M, Yuba Y, Itoh Y, Fujimoto Y
